Ecological Urban Civil Engineering for Constructed Multi-functional Wetlands, an Asian Perspective
Authors:
Oleg Shipin
Abstract:
The article overviews the present situation with regard to large scale multi-functional wetlands (both constructed and natural) in Asia and Australasia, representing the most degraded ecosystems on the planet, particularly focusing on developing countries. It scrutinizes a spectrum of wetlands ranging from integrated pond-reedbeds simulating natural habitats to mangrove-based facilities. Approaches are pointed out for further harmonization of human-oriented functions with interests of nature. Lessons derived from experience at a relatively few existing sites are rationalized for successful promotion among a wider range of communities. The main trend for the application of the technology in developing communities is to gradually steer to tertiary treatment from frequently used primary and secondary treatment. If artificially enhanced trophic level of these ecosystems is properly managed and contained, while microbial, plant and animal diversity is not compromised, these re-created habitats will harbour a significantly higher abundance of wildlife. Not only will they save the environment from eutrophication, but these constructed ecosystems can compensate for the habitats and wildlife lost to ever-increasing human development. Furthermore, implications of the 2003-2006 global outbreaks of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza for the present and future of the wetland technology encouraging wild birds are discussed stating that political and trade considerations must not override humanitarian needs of biodiversity conservation.
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